Creeds
Symbolum Apostolorum
The English text below is this school's own study translation, made directly from the received Latin text (textus receptus). It is not the wording any denomination uses in worship, and does not try to replace it. The Latin original is printed alongside it so a reader can check the two clause by clause.
The Latin text itself is a document whose copyright has long expired.
The school's Korean translations are released under CC BY 4.0: copy, adapt and distribute them for any purpose, including worship, teaching and print, as long as you credit “Blue Petra Learning Theology study translation”. The source texts themselves are in the public domain.
I believe in God the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth.
And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended into hell; on the third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty, from where he will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
Credo in Deum Patrem omnipotentem, Creatorem caeli et terrae.
Et in Iesum Christum, Filium eius unicum, Dominum nostrum, qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, natus ex Maria Virgine, passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus, et sepultus, descendit ad inferos, tertia die resurrexit a mortuis, ascendit ad caelos, sedet ad dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis, inde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos.
Credo in Spiritum Sanctum, sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem, remissionem peccatorum, carnis resurrectionem, vitam aeternam. Amen.
Catholicam in sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam is an adjective meaning "universal." No denomination called the Roman Catholic Church existed when this creed took shape. That is why Protestants can confess this article exactly as written, with nothing to work around.
Descendit ad inferos is absent from the earliest form of this creed. It does not appear in the Old Roman Creed and only enters versions from the fourth century onward. Some churches therefore confess the creed without this clause; among those that include it, some read it as meaning Christ remained in the state of death, others as a literal descent. This is a question of textual history, not of translation, so neither reading may fairly accuse the other of tampering with the creed.
Carnis resurrectionem is literally "the resurrection of the flesh." The point of the phrase is bodily resurrection, not the immortality of the soul alone — and this emphasis stands in direct continuity with 1 Corinthians 15.